ABSTRACT
Background: The Titanium Elastic Nail is mostly used in children to treat diaphyseal and metaphyseal fractures. The age of the patient, as well as the nature and location of the fracture, determine if the TEN is necessary. In some situations of femoral diaphyseal fractures, it is a successful and realistic therapeutic choice. The TEN allows for elastically stable intramedullary nailing. In terms of patient and parent happiness, as well as shorter confinement to bed and hospital stay, open reduction can produce a significantly better outcome than traction and spica cast or any other treatment. The aim of the study was to observe Titanium Elastic Nailing for treatment of femoral shaft fractures.Material & Methods:This observational study was conducted at the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Bangladesh. The study duration was 2 years and 8 months, from April 2019 to December 2021. The study was conducted with a total of 40 cases of femoral shaft fracture in pediatric patients who were admitted to the study hospital.Results:Male prevalence was observed in the present study, with 3.44:1 male: female ratio. Mean±SD age of the participants was 8.8 ± 1.6 years, and sports injuries were the most common cause of fractures. 72.5% of the participants were aged between 5-10 years, and the age range of the participants was 5-13 years. 50% of the participants had fractures at the middle region of the femur, while 45% had fractures at the proximal region. Mean±SD hospital stay duration was 14.5 ± 2.4 days, with 62.58% having hospital stay between 7-14 days. Majority of the participants of the present study faced no complications, while 20% had <1.0 cm of leg length inequality, 2.5% had 1-2 cm leg length inequality, 2.5% faced infection, 5% faced entry site irritation and 1 patient had soft tissue irritation by prominent nail. At 12-monthg follow up, 75% had excellent outcomes while 20% had satisfactory outcomes.Conclusions:The titanium elastic nailing is an effective and viable treatment option in selected cases of femoral shaft fractures in the 5-13 years’ age group. Even if it is done by open reduction it gives much better result than traction & Spica cast or any other methods, in respect to patient & parent’s satisfaction & shorter confinement to bed & hospital stay.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT VC (20%), TC (20%) and N:P:K fertilizer (farmer's practice) were used to determine the growth and yield attributes of bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata). Plants grown with VC (20%) produced the highest fresh biomass for bush bean (527.55 g m-2), winged bean (1168.61 g m-2) and yard long bean (409.84 g m-2). In all the tested legumes the highest pod weight, pod number, pod dry weight and pod length were found in the VC (20%) treatment. Photosynthetic rates in the three legumes peaked at pod formation stage in all treatments, with the highest photosynthetic rate observed in winged bean (56.17 µmol m-2s-1) grown with VC (20%). The highest yield for bush bean (2.98 ton ha-1), winged bean (7.28 ton ha-1) and yard long bean (2.22 ton ha-1) were also found in VC (20%) treatment. Furthermore, protein content was highest in bush bean (26.50 g/100g), followed by yard long bean (24.74 g/100g) and winged bean (22.04 g/100g), under VC (20%) treatment. It can be concluded that legumes grown with VC (20%) produced the highest yield and yield attributes.
ABSTRACT
Low birth-weight is a leading health problem in developing countries. In a randomized controlled trial, the effect of antimicrobials in pregnant women on improving birth-weight and duration of gestation was evaluated. Two hundred twenty-four pregnant women in their second trimester were randomized to receive metronidazole (200 mg 3 times daily for 7 days) and cephalexin (500 mg twice daily for 5 days) orally by one group. The mean (+/-SD) birth-weights were 2,545 g (+/-374) and 2584 g (+/-358, p=0.51), the low birth-weight rates (<2.5 kg) were 40% and 36% (p = 0.28), and the prematurity rates were 8% and 11% (p = 0.6) in the treated group and the control group respectively. Due to small sample size, it is cautiously concluded that routine antimicrobials for genital and urinary tract infections of pregnant women do not improve birth-weight or duration of gestation. Rather an unexpected observation was the proportion requiring caesarian section or forceps, which was five-fold higher in the treated group (p = 0.001), and given no plausible explanations, this finding needs confirmation. Stunted mothers (<25th centile or 146.4 cm) had two-fold higher risk for low birth-weight (p = 0.04) and assisted delivery (p = 0.1). Low maternal body mass index (<25th centile or 18) had six-fold higher risk for stillbirth or abortion (p = 0.007), and high body mass index (>75th centile or 21.2) had three-fold higher risk for assisted delivery (p = 0.003).